L 'Vitruvian Man by LEONARDO DA VINCI AND' THE DIVINE PROPORTION 
L’uomo è l’unico tra gli animali ad avere abbandonato la posizione a quattro zampe per portarsi eretto sui due piedi. La sua struttura corporea è, nel complesso, paragonabile a una stella a cinque punte: al tronco, composto di bacino, torace e spalle, sono connessi, come appendici, in alto il capo e le due braccia, in basso, le due gambe. Che cosa comporta per l'uomo una struttura body so unique? Firstly the constant quest for equilibrium, a necessary condition for the conduct of any business, be it static and dynamic.
should be quick to point out that the organization is body balance is a purely automatic depending on the severity. The human body, in fact, like all bodies in the earth's gravitational field, is subjected to the effect of weight or gravity, that attracts her to the center of the earth and tends to drop it if other forces do not oppose to it. To more accurately be said that the human body, being formed of multiple segments articulated to each other, is subjected to multiple forces, the result of these various forces of gravity has an application point on the body, called the center of gravity or center of gravity, which varies with the change of positions. It is in the upright position on the plane of the body, before the third vertebra to the level of its upper edge. Mechanical equilibrium position is defined, one in which a vertical line from the center of gravity falls within the polygon of support or base.
is clear that the animals that walk on four legs have no difficulty in maintaining the balance of the extent of their support base. In man standing can be considered as an achievement, attuatasi during the evolution of species. It si è via via sostituita alla stabilità dei quattro appoggi, che obbliga piedi e mani a svolgere una funzione di sostegno, mentre il capo, parallelo al suolo, non può che guardare verso terra.
L'ascesa verso l'alto e il raggiungimento della posizione eretta ha permesso di liberare le mani, divenute così disponibili per altre funzioni, e il capo, come un periscopio, diviene libero di guardare verso terra, verso il cielo e lungo tutto l'arco del suo orizzonte. La posizione eretta nell'uomo deve essere considerata come una pietra miliare faticosamente raggiunta, sia da un punto di vista filogenetico (evoluzione della specie) che ontogenetico (evoluzione e sviluppo del singolo individuo).
Lapierre a questo proposito osserva: "This balance of supervision and availability also expresses the psychological behavior of the subject: self-confidence, balance, openness to the outside world, openness to the action."
We mentioned earlier that the organization is body balance is a purely automatic in response to the stimulus consists of the weight on the proprioceptive receptors (plantar cenesthetic, labyrinthine and visual), are put in place the reflexes of balance, which lead to an adjustment as final result of the degree of tension in antigravity muscles, just enough to balance gravity. This adjustment
neuromotrice postural tone is implemented in a completely unconscious; standing and all it involves is organized, in fact, a section of the nervous system located below the motor cortex and only a small part of the complex work is done on a conscious level.
You become aware of the antigravity muscles only when the voluntary change of their business is done with clear consciousness. "You're right" you say to kids, or: "Straighten your back, lower back, do not tilt his head, pretending to achieve this with a lasting change in their position and the miraculous removal of compensation that have been introduced gradually and without no awareness by the subject in order to keep the body in balance. The attitude of the human postural usual solution is the staff that he has found to stay in balance in both static and dynamic conditions, it is closely related to the structure of its body schema and implies a high capacity for coordination of sensory reflexes motori.Cerchiamo-hours to understand what is the optimal balance to which we must strive. It is common observation that all men be they children, adults or the elderly, although they are morphologically different, still manage to stay in balance, standing, walking or running. Everyone makes their own way of balancing global, maintaining the necessary and sufficient condition which is to succeed, however, to drop a vertical line from the center of gravity in the cradle. What varies greatly in different cases is the relationship between various segments of the body between them and the greater or lesser amount of energy used to maintain balance.
Among the many possible ways to stay in balance we should strive towards that which requires little muscular effort, based on minor adjustments of postural tone in response to the continuous changes of stimulation that propiocettori suffer following the relocation of the various segments of the body.
Only if the balance is maintained with minimal muscular work and a high capacità di coordinazione neuromotoria del tono posturale si può parlare di equilibrio ottimale, perché solo in questo caso i muscoli possono essere disponibili all'azione; il movimento è pertanto libero di esprimersi in ogni direzione, in ogni momento.
L'equilibrio che si può definire "normale" è per ogni individuo quello vicino alla stabilità meccanica. Questo tipo di equilibrio è caratterizzato da due importanti condizioni:
è economico sul piano meccanico, perché non richiede un impegno muscolare importante; basta, infatti, uno sforzo molto piccolo per essere mantenuto e ristabilito;
è impegnativo sul piano neurologico in quanto richiede una grande capacità di risposta dei recettori proprioceptive stimuli of duration and intensity, even very small, so it absolutely clear to modulate the tone of the muscles that oppose gravity.
From what we have said that education comes the balance and the achievement of a correct position, both static and dynamic, is connected primarily with the education of the neuro-motor sensations, urged by the force of gravity (sensations evoked by the force of gravity are: the muscle strain, ligament tension, the feeling of flexion and extension of joints and also feelings of plantar pressure, visual sensations, feelings of imbalance due to the displacement of the otoliths, that receptors of the inner ear), and secondly, with the psychomotor education, involving the conscious appreciation of the perceptions coenesthetic.
The latter is necessary to correct any anomaly attitude. It is widely known that only an education can lead to the perception of the cortical nerve centers to exert a corrective influence on the links of automatic sensory-motor peripheral nerve centers. "
L "Vitruvian Man", extraordinary example of human movement of Leonardo da Vinci , continues to effectively represent the concept of posture. Posture and 'a discovery of long standing. Has exactly the age 'of man, but much more' recent 'the science that studies it: The Posturology. The Posture and
nothing 'if not the attitude, the position that human beings have towards the environment in which they live. The posture is not 'just a fact "physical" but it' s also a form of communication, the relationship between man and his universo.L 'postural attitude speaks of man in the most' obvious and clear as possible. This is the 'body language, a language is not controllable by the will'. The body assumes a position that is often 'what you want, but which is' simultaneously in relation to gravity'.
posture contribute a significant number of elementicome the vestibulo-spinal and cervical spinal that through the perception of gravity 'and head position in space, activate the muscles of the spine and lower limbs. But the perception of position help eyesight, ears, proprioceptive information of the column and ligaments as well as' the stomatognathic apparatus, mandible, and the receptors and plantar skin. Posture and 'then the result of an interaction where different structures collaborates
From this brief introduction is clear, therefore, that the Posturology, the science that studies the posture, it can not' to be shared heritage of a whole series of dicipline medical and paramedical services.
